World Economic Outlook - All Issues
World Economic Outlook, October 2017
Seeking Sustainable Growth:
Short-Term Recovery, Long-Term Challenges
October 2017
Introduction
The global upswing in economic activity is strengthening, with global growth projected to rise to 3.6 percent in 2017 and 3.7 percent in 2018. Broad-based upward revisions in the euro area, Japan, emerging Asia, emerging Europe, and Russia more than offset downward revisions for the United States and the United Kingdom. But the recovery is not complete: while the baseline outlook is strengthening, growth remains weak in many countries, and inflation is below target in most advanced economies. Commodity exporters, especially of fuel, are particularly hard hit as their adjustment to a sharp stepdown in foreign earnings continues. And while short-term risks are broadly balanced, medium-term risks are still tilted to the downside. For policymakers, the welcome cyclical pickup in global activity provides an ideal window of opportunity to tackle key challenges—namely to boost potential output while ensuring its benefits are broadly shared, and to build resilience against downside risks.
Chapter 1: Global Prospects and Policies
The earlier projected increase in growth is strengthening. Notable pickups in investment, trade, and industrial production, coupled with stronger business and consumer confidence, are supporting the recovery. With early 2017 growth generally stronger than expected, upward revisions to projections are broad based, including for the euro area, Japan, China, emerging Europe, and Russia, more than offsetting downward revisions for the United States, the United Kingdom, and India. After disappointing global growth over the past few years, this recent pickup provides an ideal window of opportunity for policymakers to undertake critical reforms to stave off downside risks, raise potential output, and improve living standards more broadly.
Full Text of Chapter 1 Blog- Recent Developments and Prospects
- The Forecast
- Risks
- Policy Priorities
- Scenario Box 1. Impact of Recommended Policies in the Group of Twenty Economies
- Box 1.1. Labor Force Participation Rates in Advanced Economies
- Box 1.2. Will the Revival in Capital Flows to Emerging Markets Be Sustained?
- Box 1.3. Emerging Market and Developing Economy Growth: Heterogeneity and Income Convergence over the Forecast Horizon
- Box 1.4. Macroeconomic Adjustment In Emerging Market Commodity Exporters
- Box 1.5. Remittances and Consumption Smoothing
- Special Feature: Commodity Market Developments and Forecasts
- References
Tables |
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- Table 1.1. Overview of the World Economic Outlook Projections
- Scenario Table 1. Assumed Policy Actions Relative to the WEO Baseline
- Table 1.3.1. Correlates of Growth Projections, EMDEs, 2017–22
- Annex Table 1.1.1. European Economies: Real GDP, Consumer Prices, Current Account Balance, and Unemployment
- Annex Table 1.1.2. Asian and Pacific Economies: Real GDP, Consumer Prices, Current Account Balance, and Unemployment
- Annex Table 1.1.3. Western Hemisphere Economies: Real GDP, Consumer Prices, Current Account Balance, and Unemployment
- Annex Table 1.1.4. Commonwealth of Independent States Economies: Real GDP, Consumer Prices, Current Account Balance, and Unemployment
- Annex Table 1.1.5. Middle East, North African Economies, Afghanistan, and Pakistan: Real GDP, Consumer Prices, Current Account Balance, and Unemployment
- Annex Table 1.1.6. Sub-Saharan African Economies: Real GDP, Consumer Prices, Current Account Balance, and Unemployment
- Annex Table 1.1.7. Summary of World Real per Capita Output
Figures | |||
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Chart | Data | 1.1 | Global Activity Indicators |
Chart | Data | 1.2 | Global Fixed Investment and Trade |
Chart | Data | 1.3 | Commodity Prices |
Chart | Data | 1.4 | Global Inflation |
Chart | Data | 1.5 | Advanced Economies: Monetary and Financial Market Conditions |
Chart | Data | 1.6 | Real Effective Exchange Rate Changes, November 2016–September 2017 |
Chart | Data | 1.7 | Emerging Market Economies: Equity Markets and Credit |
Chart | Data | 1.8 | Emerging Market Economies: Interest Rates |
Chart | Data | 1.9 | Emerging Market Economies: Capital Flows |
Chart | Data | 1.10 | Revisions to 2017 Growth and 2016 Output Gaps |
Chart | Data | 1.11 | Emerging Markets: Terms-of-Trade Windfall Gains and Losses |
Chart | Data | 1.12 | GDP Growth, 1999–2022 |
Chart | Data | 1.13 | Fiscal Indicators |
Chart | Data | 1.14 | Global Current Account Balances |
Chart | Data | 1.15 | Real Exchange Rates and Current Account Balances in Relation to Economic Fundamentals |
Chart | Data | 1.16 | Net International Investment Positions |
Chart | Data | 1.17 | Geopolitical Risk Index |
Chart | Data | 1.18 | Risks to the Global Outlook |
Chart | Data | 1.19 | Recession and Deflation Risks |
Chart | Data | 1.20 | Advanced Economy Output Gaps, 2017 |
Chart | Data | 1.21 | Emerging Market and Developing Economy Output Gaps, 2017 |
Chart | Data | 1.22 | Per Capita Real GDP Growth across Low-Income Developing Countries |
Chart | Data | Scen. Fig. 1 | Group of Twenty Macro Scenario |
Chart | Data | 1.1.1 | Population Shares by Age Group and Gender |
Chart | Data | 1.1.2 | Labor Force Participation Rates by Age Group and Gender |
Chart | Data | 1.1.3 | Decomposition of Change in Labor Force Participation Rate, 2017–16 |
Chart | Data | 1.1.4 | Changes in Labor Force Participation, Select Advanced Economies, 2007–16 |
Chart | Data | 1.1.5 | Changes in Labor Force Participation Rates for the 25–54 Age Group by Gender, Select Advanced Economies |
Chart | Data | 1.1.6 | Convergence in Female Labor Force Participation Rates |
Chart | Data | 1.2.1 | Capital Flows to Emerging Market and Developing Economies |
Chart | Data | 1.2.2 | China: Reserves and Capital Flows |
Chart | Data | 1.2.3 | Latest Capital Flows Trends and Prospects |
Chart | Data | 1.3.1 | Per Capita Real GDP Growth across Country Groups |
Chart | Data | 1.3.2 | Per Capita Real GDP Growth, Emerging Market and Developing Economies, by Region |
Chart | Data | 1.3.3 | EMDEs' per Capita Real GDP Growth Differentials vis-à-vis Advanced Economies: 1995–2016 versus 2017–22 |
Chart | Data | 1.3.4 | Distribution of EMDE per Capita Real GDP Growth Differentials with Respect to Advanced Economies |
Chart | Data | 1.3.5 | Distribution of EMDE per Capita Real GDP Growth Differentials with Respect to Advanced Economies, by Type of Export Earnings and Region |
Chart | Data | 1.3.6 | Distribution of EMDE Population by per Capita Real GDP Growth Rate |
Chart | Data | 1.3.7 | Projected per Capita Real GDP Growth Rates and 2011 Real Income Levels, AEs and EMDEs |
Chart | Data | 1.4.1 | Commodity Prices |
Chart | Data | 1.4.2 | Exchange Rate Regimes of Commodity-Exporting Emerging Market and Developing Economies |
Chart | Data | 1.4.3 | Commodity Terms of Trade |
Chart | Data | 1.4.4 | Evolution of Exchange Rates |
Chart | Data | 1.4.5 | Net Export Adjustment, 2013–16 |
Chart | Data | 1.4.6 | Fiscal Indicators |
Chart | Data | 1.4.7 | Change in per Capita GDP Growth and Inflation in Fuel Exporters, Conditional on CToT |
Chart | Data | 1.5.1 | Net Remittances as a Share of Output, 2015 |
Chart | Data | 1.5.2 | Financial Integration |
Chart | Data | 1.5.3 | Smoothing Effects of Remittances |
Chart | Data | 1.5.4 | Contribution of Remittances to Consumption Risk Sharing |
Chart | Data | 1.SF.1 | Commodity Market Developments |
Chapter 2: Recent Wage Dynamics in Advanced Economics: Drivers and Implications
Nominal wage growth in most advanced economies remains markedly lower than it was before the Great Recession of 2008–09. This chapter finds that the bulk of the wage slowdown can be explained by labor market slack, inflation expectations, and trend productivity growth. While involuntary part-time employment may have helped support labor force participation and facilitated stronger engagement with the workplace, it also appears to have weakened wage growth. This is the case even in economies where measured slack appears low.
Full Text of Chapter 2 Blog- Introduction
- Wage Determination––A Primer
- Advanced Economy Labor Markets: Surface Healing Masks Deeper Changes
- Drivers of Recent Wage Dynamics
- Summary and Policy Implications
- Box 2.1. Labor Market Dynamics by Skill Level
- Box 2.2. Worker Contracts and Nominal Wage Rigidities in Europe: Firm-Level Evidence
- Box 2.3. Wage and Employment Adjustment after the Global Financial Crisis: Firm-Level Evidence
- Annex 2.1. Country Coverage and Data
- Annex 2.2. Empirical Methodologies
- Annex 2.3. Empirical Results
- References
Tables |
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- Table 2.3.1. Precrisis Financial Vulnerabilities and Postcrisis Labor Adjustments
- Annex Table 2.1.1. Country Coverage
- Annex Table 2.1.2. Data Sources
- Annex Table 2.2.1. Aggregate Forces and Sectoral Exposures
- Annex Table 2.3.1. Estimates of Wage Phillips Curves
- Annex Table 2.3.2. Estimates of Wage Phillips Curves with Alternative Measures
- Annex Table 2.3.3. Estimation of Wage Phillips Curve Augmented with Involuntary Part-Time Employment Share by Country Group
- Annex Table 2.3.4. Estimation of Wage Phillips Curve Augmented with Involuntary Part-Time Employment Share: Full Sample and Countries with Unemployment Rate Lower than 2000–07 Average
- Annex Table 2.3.5. Estimation of Wage Phillips Curve Augmented with Involuntary Part-Time Employment Share: Countries with Unemployment Rate Moderately Higher and Appreciably Higher than 2000–07 Average
- Annex Table 2.3.6. Estimation of Wage Phillips Curve Augmented with Temporary Contract Employment Share: Full Sample and Countries with Unemployment Rates Lower than 2000–07 Average
- Annex Table 2.3.7. Estimation of Wage Phillips Curve Augmented with Temporary Contract Employment Share: Countries with Unemployment Rates Moderately Higher and Appreciably Higher than 2000–07 Average
- Annex Table 2.3.8. Estimation of Wage Phillips Curve Augmented with Structural Variables
- Annex Table 2.3.9. Estimation of Wage Phillips Curve Augmented with Structural Variables: Excluding 2008 and 2009
- Annex Table 2.3.10. Drivers of Involuntary Part-Time Employment Share, Aggregate Analysis
- Annex Table 2.3.11. Drivers of Sectoral Nominal Wage Growth
- Annex Table 2.3.12. Drivers of Sectoral Part-Time Employment Shares
- Annex Table 2.3.13. Drivers of Nominal Wage Growth, Employment Growth and Part-Time Employment
Figures | |||
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Chart | Data | 2.1 | Distribution of Labor Market Indicators |
Chart | Data | 2.2 | Distribution of Nominal Wage Growth and Correlation with Changes in the Unemployment Rate |
Chart | Data | 2.3 | Job Attributes: Involuntary Part-Time Employment |
Chart | Data | 2.4 | Job Attributes: Temporary Contracts |
Chart | Data | 2.5 | Job Attributes: Hours per Worker |
Chart | Data | 2.6 | Changes in Nominal Wage Growth, Actual versus Imputed Using 2008 Sectoral Employment Shares |
Chart | Data | 2.7 | Changes in Labor Market Indicators, Actual versus Imputed Using 2008 Sectoral Employment Shares |
Chart | Data | 2.8 | Job Attributes and Changes in Sectoral Employment Shares, 2008–16 |
Chart | Data | 2.9 | Effects on Growth of Compensation per Hour: Panel Estimation |
Chart | Data | 2.10 | Effects on Growth of Compensation per Hour: Country-by-Country Estimation, Cross-Country Dispersion |
Chart | Data | 2.11 | Effects of Involuntary Part-Time Employment on Growth of Compensation per Hour, 2000–16 |
Chart | Data | 2.12 | Decomposition of Wage Dynamics, 2000–16 |
Chart | Data | 2.13 | Year Fixed Effects and Common Drivers, 2000–16 |
Chart | Data | 2.14 | Changes in Growth Expectations and Labor Market Institutions |
Chart | Data | 2.15 | Long-Term Drivers of Labor Market Dynamics |
Chart | Data | 2.16 | Effects on Involuntary Part-Time Employment Share, Aggregate Analysis |
Chart | Data | 2.1.1 | Evolution of Skill Premiums in the United States |
Chart | Data | 2.1.2 | Skill Premiums and Changes in Skill Premiums in European Economies |
Chart | Data | 2.1.3 | Nominal Wage Growth by Sector and Skill Group |
Chart | Data | 2.1.4 | Employment Shares by Skill |
Chart | Data | 2.1.5 | Employment Shares by Skill and Changes in Hours per Worker |
Chart | Data | 2.2.1 | Changes in Employment Shares |
Chart | Data | 2.2.2 | Changes in Employment Shares, 2007–14 |
Chart | Data | 2.2.3 | Wage Cuts and Freezes, 2014 |
Chart | Data | 2.3.1 | Estimated Nominal Wage Growth and Employment Growth Differences based on Uncertainty and Growth Expectations |
Chart | Data | 2.3.2 | Wage and Employment Growth by Debt Maturity in 2008 |
Chart | Data | Annex 2.2.1 | Distribution of Real Compensation Growth Measures |
Chart | Data | Annex 2.2.2 | Growth of Real Compensation per Hour and Unemployment Rates |
Chart | Data | Annnex | 2.2.3. Factors Associated with Nominal Wage Growth |
Chart | Data | Annex 2.2.4 | Effects of Involuntary Part-Time Employment on Compensation and Wages, 2000–16 |
Chart | Data | Annex 2.2.5 | Correlations between Aggregate Wage Growth and Two-Quarter-Lagged Public Wage Growth |
Chart | Data | Annex 2.3.1 | Decomposition of Wage Dynamics, 2000–16 |
Chart | Data | Annex 2.3.2 | Decomposition of Sectoral Wage Dynamics, 2000–15 |
Chart | Data | Annex 2.3.3 | Effects on Part-Time Employment Share, Sectoral Analysis |
Chapter 3: The Effects of Weather Shocks on Economic Activity: How Can Low-Income Countries Cope?
Global temperatures have increased at an unprecedented pace over the past 40 years, and significant further warming could occur, depending on our ability to restrain greenhouse gas emissions. This chapter finds that increases in temperature have uneven macroeconomic effects, with adverse consequences concentrated in countries with relatively hot climates, such as most low-income countries. In these countries, a rise in temperature lowers per capita output, in both the short and medium term. Sound domestic policies and development alongside investment in adaptation strategies could help to some extent, but given the constraints faced by low-income countries, the international community must play a key role in supporting these countries’ efforts to cope with climate change.
Full Text of Chapter 3 Blog- Introduction
- Temperature and Precipitation: Historical Patterns and Projections
- The Macroeconomic Impact of Weather Shocks
- Coping with Weather Shocks and Climate Change
- Long-Term Effects of Temperature Increase—A Model-Based Approach
- Summary and Policy Implications
- Box 3.1. The Growth Impact of Tropical Cyclones
- Box 3.2. The Role of Policies in Coping with Weather Shocks: A Model-Based Analysis
- Box 3.3. Strategies for Coping with Weather Shocks and Climate Change: Selected Case Studies
- Box 3.4. Coping with Weather Shocks: The Role of Financial Markets
- Box 3.5. Historical Climate, Economic Development, and World Income Distribution
- Box 3.6. Mitigating Climate Change
- Annex 3.1. Data Sources and Country Groupings
- Annex 3.2. Weather Shocks and Natural Disasters
- Annex 3.3. Empirical Analysis of the Macroeconomic Effects of Weather Shocks and the Role of Policies
- Annex 3.4. The Impact of Weather Changes and Natural Disasters on International Migration
- Annex 3.5. Model-Based Analysis
- Annex 3.6. Reduced Form Approach to Estimating Potential Long-Term Effects of Climate Change
- References
Tables |
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- Table 3.1.1. Characteristics of the Average Tropical Cyclone by Country Group
- Table 3.1.2. Effect of Weather and Wind Shocks on Economic Activity
- Table 3.5.1. Effect of Historical Climate on Current Real Output
- Annex Table 3.1.1. Data Sources
- Annex Table 3.1.2. Country and Territory Groups
- Annex Table 3.2.1. Effect of Weather Shocks on Natural Disasters, 1990-2014
- Annex Table 3.3.1. Effect of Weather Shocks on Output
- Annex Table 3.3.2. Effect of Weather Shocks on Sectoral Output
- Annex Table 3.3.3. Effect of Weather Shocks on Productivity, Capital, and Labor
- Annex Table 3.3.4. Role of Policy Buffers
- Annex Table 3.3.5. Role of Structural Policies and Institutions
- Annex Table 3.3.6. Role of Development: Evidence from Subnational Data
- Annex Table 3.4.1. Effect of Weather Shocks and Natural Disasters on Emigration, 1980-2015
- Annex Table 3.5.1. Parameterization of the Debt, Investment, and Growth Model
Figures | |||
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Chart | Data | 3.1 | Average Global Temperature |
Chart | Data | 3.2 | Increase in Average Global Temperature and Contributions of Key Factors |
Chart | Data | 3.3 | Temperature and Precipitation across Broad Country Groups |
Chart | Data | 3.4 | Annual CO2 Emissions across Broad Country Groups |
Chart | -- | 3.5 | Temperature and Precipitation Projections under the RCP 8.5 Scenario |
Chart | Data | 3.6 | Natural Disasters: Historical and Projected Monthly Probability of Occurrence |
Chart | Data | 3.7 | Effect of Temperature Increase on Real per Capita Output |
Chart | Data | 3.8 | Effect of Temperature Increase on Real per Capita Output across the Globe |
Chart | Data | 3.9 | Effect of Temperature Increase on Sectoral Output Estimated at the Temperature of the Median Low-Income Developing Country |
Chart | Data | 3.10 | Effect of Temperature Increase on Productivity, Capital, and Labor Input Estimated at the Temperature of the Median Low-Income Developing Country |
Chart | Data | 3.11 | Effect of Temperature Increase on Real per Capita Output Estimated at the Temperature of the Median Low-Income Developing Country over Time |
Chart | -- | 3.12 | Coping with Weather Shocks and Climate Change: A Toolkit |
Chart | Data | 3.13 | The Role of Policy Buffers |
Chart | Data | 3.14 | The Role of Structural Policies and Institutions |
Chart | Data | 3.15 | The Role of Development: Evidence from Subnational Data |
Chart | Data | 3.16 | Effect of Temperature and Natural Disasters on International Migration |
Chart | Data | 3.17 | Long-Term Impact of Temperature Increase for a Representative Low-Income Developing Country: Model Simulations |
Chart | Data | 3.18 | Vulnerability to Temperature Increase and Adaptation Prospects |
Chart | Data | 3.1.1 | Effect of Tropical Cyclone Exposure on Real GDP per Capita |
Chart | Data | 3.1.2 | Cumulative Effect of Average Tropical Cyclone on Real GDP per Capita after Seven Years |
Chart | Data | 3.2.1 | The Role of Policies: A Model-Based Analysis |
Chart | Data | 3.4.1 | Insurance Penetration: Non-Life Insurance Premium |
Chart | Data | 3.4.2 | Catastrophe Bond Market |
Chart | Data | 3.4.3 | Temperature Shocks and Stock Price Predictability: Food and Beverages Sector |
Chart | Data | 3.6.1 | Effectiveness of Mitigation Policies in China |
Chart | Data | Annex 3.3.1 | Effect of Temperature Increase on Real per Capita Output across the Globe, with Countries Rescaled in Proportion to Their Projected Population as of 2100 |
Chart | -- | Annex 3.6.1 | The Long-Term Impact of Temperature Increase on Real per Capita Output across the Globe |
Chapter 4: Cross-Border Impacts of Fiscal Policy: Still Relevant?
Positive cross-country spillovers from collective fiscal action by the world’s largest economies helped speed the recovery from the global financial crisis nearly a decade ago. But fiscal spillovers still matter today and depend on circumstances in both the countries that generate and receive fiscal shocks. This chapter’s new research shows that fiscal spillovers tend to be low when a shock originates from a country without output gaps. But the impact intensifies when a source or recipient country is in recession and/or benefiting from accommodative monetary policy, suggesting that spillovers are large when domestic multipliers are also large.
Full Text of Chapter 4 Blog- Introduction
- Spillovers from Fiscal Policy—A Conceptual Framework
- Spillovers on Economic Activity: Empirical Evidence
- The Transmission of Fiscal Shocks—Model-Based Analysis
- Fiscal Reforms
- Conclusions
- Box 4.1. The Spillover Impact of US Government Spending Shocks on External Positions
- Annex 4.1. Data
- Annex 4.2. Empirical Strategy
- Annex 4.3. Robustness Tests
- References
Tables |
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- Annex Table 4.1.1. Data Sources for Quarterly Fiscal Data by Source Country
- Annex Table 4.1.2. Data Sources for Recipient Countries
- Annex Table 4.1.3. Recipient Countries in Sample
Figures | |||
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Chart | Data | 4.1 | Output Gap in Selected Countries |
Chart | -- | 4.2 | The Transmission of a Fiscal Shock |
Chart | Data | 4.3 | Tracking Tax Shocks in the United States |
Chart | Data | 4.4 | Dynamic Responses of Recipient Countries’ Output to Fiscal Shocks |
Chart | Data | 4.5 | Spillovers of Fiscal Shocks on Recipient Countries’ Output |
Chart | Data | 4.6 | Dynamic Responses of Components of Recipient Countries’ Output to a Fiscal Shock |
Chart | Data | 4.7 | Spillovers under Various Economic and Policy Conditions |
Chart | Data | 4.8 | Dynamic Responses of Components of Recipient Countries’ Output under Normal Times and Effective Lower Bound in Recipient Countries |
Chart | Data | 4.9 | Dynamic Responses of Recipient Countries’ Output to US Spending Shock under Various Exchange Rate Regimes |
Chart | Data | 4.10 | Impact of Fiscal Shocks on Global GDP Based on Various Instruments |
Chart | Data | 4.11 | Spillovers from US Fiscal Shocks with and without Monetary Accommodation |
Chart | Data | 4.12 | Regional GDP Impact of Government Spending Shocks from the United States, Europe, and China |
Chart | Data | 4.13 | Dynamic Responses to a US Government Spending Shock |
Chart | Data | 4.14 | Spillovers from US Spending Shock with and without a US Term-Premium Increase |
Chart | Data | 4.15 | Spillovers from Corporate Income Tax Reduction Financed by an Offsetting Increase in Value-Added Tax |
Chart | Data | 4.16 | Spillovers from Increase in Government Investment in Five Major Economies |
Chart | Data | 4.1.1 | Response of Recipient Countries’ Trade Balance and Real Exchange Rate vis-à-vis US Dollar |
Chart | Data | Annex 4.3.1 | Effects of Spending and Tax Shock on Recipient Countries’ Output: Comparison with Panel Vector Autoregression |
Chart | Data | Annex 4.3.2 | Effects of Spending and Tax Shock on Recipient Countries’ Output: Forecast Errors |
Chart | Data | Annex 4.3.3 | Effects of US Tax Shock on Recipient Countries’ Output: Comparison with US Narrative Tax Shock, 1995–2007 |
Statistical Appendix
Full Text- Assumptions
- What’s New
- Data and Conventions
- Country Notes
- Classification of Countries
- General Features and Composition of Groups in the World Economic Outlook Classification
- Table A. Classification by World Economic Outlook Groups and Their Shares in Aggregate GDP, Exports of Goods and Services, and Population, 2017
- Table B. Advanced Economies by Subgroup
- Table C. European Union
- Table D. Emerging Market and Developing Economies by Region and Main Source of Export Earnings
- Table E. Emerging Market and Developing Economies by Region, Net External Position, and Status as Heavily Indebted Poor Countries and Low-Income Developing Countries
- Table F. Economies with Exceptional Reporting Periods
- Table G. Key Data Documentation
- Box A1. Economic Policy Assumptions Underlying the Projections for Selected Economies
List of Tables - Part A (Download PDF) |
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- Output (Tables A1–A4)
- Inflation (Tables A5–A7)
- Financial Policies (Table A8)
- Foreign Trade (Table A9)
- Current Account Transactions (Tables A10–A12)
- Balance of Payments and External Financing (Table A13)
- Flow of Funds (Table A14)
- Medium-Term Baseline Scenario (Table A15)
List of Tables Part B (Download PDF Online only) |
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- Table B1. Advanced Economies: Unemployment, Employment, and Real GDP per Capita
- Table B2. Emerging Market and Developing Economies: Real GDP
- Table B3. Advanced Economies: Hourly Earnings, Productivity, and Unit Labor Costs in Manufacturing
- Table B4. Emerging Market and Developing Economies: Consumer Prices
- Table B5. Summary of Fiscal and Financial Indicators
- Table B6. Advanced Economies: General and Central Government Net Lending/Borrowing and General Government Net Lending/Borrowing Excluding Social Security Schemes
- Table B7. Advanced Economies: General Government Structural Balances
- Table B8. Emerging Market and Developing Economies: General Government Net Lending/Borrowing and Overall Fiscal Balance
- Table B9. Emerging Market and Developing Economies: General Government Net Lending/Borrowing
- Table B10. Selected Advanced Economies: Exchange Rates
- Table B11. Emerging Market and Developing Economies: Broad Money Aggregates
- Table B12. Advanced Economies: Export Volumes, Import Volumes, and Terms of Trade in Goods and Services
- Table B13. Emerging Market and Developing Economies by Region: Total Trade in Goods
- Table B14. Emerging Market and Developing Economies by Source of Export Earnings: Total Trade in Goods
- Table B15. Summary of Current Account Transactions
- Table B16. Emerging Market and Developing Economies: Summary of External Debt and Debt Service
- Table B17. Emerging Market and Developing Economies by Region: External Debt by Maturity
- Table B18. Emerging Market and Developing Economies by Analytical Criteria: External Debt by Maturity
- Table B19. Emerging Market and Developing Economies: Ratio of External Debt to GDP
- Table B20. Emerging Market and Developing Economies: Debt-Service Ratios
- Table B21. Emerging Market and Developing Economies, Medium-Term Baseline Scenario: Selected Economic Indicators